How Gamification Rewards Shape Motivation: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective

Abstract

Gamification is a motivational technique that uses game design elements (streaks, points, leaderboards) in non-game contexts to increase user's interest. They are extensively used in fields like marketing, fashion, tourism, and education. While gamification mechanisms (leaderboards, strikes, and XP) are known to increase user engagement and performance metrics, they might have a detrimental effect on the long-term quality of learning and levels of intrinsic motivation. This research explores the effect of reward-driven platforms on basic psychological needs, as derived from the Self-Determination Theory (SDT). The three core elements of SDT (autonomy, competence, relatedness) foster intrinsic motivation and engagement in people's behavior. This ongoing research examines how common reward mechanisms align with or contradict SDT principles across 7 theoretical and empirical studies. The findings of this study contribute to the DiGRA community in terms of the understanding of gamification techniques in educational contexts, applying renowned psychological theory - Self-Determination Theory - in the context of gamification.